We can use NumPy to perform addition and subtraction in vectors and matrices using a single line of code.

Import the library:

import numpy as np

Perform addition of two square matrices:

# Given two arrays
matrix1 = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]])
matrix2 = np.array([[1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6], [7, 9, 11], [8, 10, 12]])
print("Matrix 1 adds up to Matrix 2:\\n", np.add(matrix1, matrix2))

Output:

Matrix 1 adds up to Matrix 2:
 [[ 2  5  8]
 [ 6  9 12]
 [14 17 20]
 [18 21 24]]

Perform subtraction of two square matrices:

# Given two arrays
matrix1 = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]])
matrix2 = np.array([[1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6], [7, 9, 11], [8, 10, 12]])
print("Matrix 1 subtracts to Matrix 2:\\n", np.subtract(matrix1, matrix2))

Output:

Matrix 1 subtracts to Matrix 2:
 [[ 0 -1 -2]
 [ 2  1  0]
 [ 0 -1 -2]
 [ 2  1  0]]

The following code also returns the same results as the preceding code:

# Given two arrays
matrix1 = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]])
matrix2 = np.array([[1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6], [7, 9, 11], [8, 10, 12]])
# These functions are also the same as np.add() and np.subtract()
print("Matrix 1 + Matrix 2:\\n", matrix1 + matrix2)
print("Matrix 1 - Matrix 2:\\n", matrix1 - matrix2)

Output:

Matrix 1 + Matrix 2:
 [[ 2  5  8]
 [ 6  9 12]
 [14 17 20]
 [18 21 24]]
Matrix 1 - Matrix 2:
 [[ 0 -1 -2]
 [ 2  1  0]
 [ 0 -1 -2]
 [ 2  1  0]]

Nested Calculations: You can also add and subtract multiple matrices at the same time.

• Example 1: